DataStore class reference

This reference documents the core classes in the DataStore API.

DataStore

The main DataFrame-like class for data manipulation.

from chdb.datastore import DataStore

Constructor

DataStore(data=None, columns=None, index=None, dtype=None, copy=None)

Parameters:

Parameter	Type	Description
`data`	dict/list/DataFrame/DataStore	Input data
`columns`	list	Column names
`index`	Index	Row index
`dtype`	dict	Column data types
`copy`	bool	Copy data

Examples:

# From dictionary
ds = DataStore({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['x', 'y', 'z']})

# From pandas DataFrame
import pandas as pd

ds = DataStore(pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3]}))

# Empty DataStore
ds = DataStore()

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`columns`	Index	Column names
`dtypes`	Series	Column data types
`shape`	tuple	(rows, columns)
`size`	int	Total elements
`ndim`	int	Number of dimensions (2)
`empty`	bool	Is DataFrame empty
`values`	ndarray	Underlying data as NumPy array
`index`	Index	Row index
`T`	DataStore	Transpose
`axes`	list	List of axes

Factory Methods

Method	Description
`uri(uri)`	Universal factory from URI
`from_file(path, ...)`	Create from file
`from_df(df)`	Create from pandas DataFrame
`from_s3(url, ...)`	Create from S3
`from_gcs(url, ...)`	Create from Google Cloud Storage
`from_azure(url, ...)`	Create from Azure Blob
`from_mysql(...)`	Create from MySQL
`from_postgresql(...)`	Create from PostgreSQL
`from_clickhouse(...)`	Create from ClickHouse
`from_mongodb(...)`	Create from MongoDB
`from_sqlite(...)`	Create from SQLite
`from_iceberg(path)`	Create from Iceberg table
`from_delta(path)`	Create from Delta Lake
`from_numbers(n)`	Create with sequential numbers
`from_random(rows, cols)`	Create with random data
`run_sql(query)`	Create from SQL query

See Factory Methods for details.

Query Methods

Method	Returns	Description
`select(*cols)`	DataStore	Select columns
`filter(condition)`	DataStore	Filter rows
`where(condition)`	DataStore	Alias for filter
`sort(*cols, ascending=True)`	DataStore	Sort rows
`orderby(*cols)`	DataStore	Alias for sort
`limit(n)`	DataStore	Limit rows
`offset(n)`	DataStore	Skip rows
`distinct(subset=None)`	DataStore	Remove duplicates
`groupby(*cols)`	LazyGroupBy	Group rows
`having(condition)`	DataStore	Filter groups
`join(right, ...)`	DataStore	Join DataStores
`union(other, all=False)`	DataStore	Combine DataStores
`when(cond, val)`	CaseWhen	CASE WHEN

See Query Building for details.

Pandas-compatible methods

See Pandas Compatibility for the complete list of 209 methods.

Indexing: head(), tail(), sample(), loc, iloc, at, iat, query(), isin(), where(), mask(), get(), xs(), pop()

Aggregation: sum(), mean(), std(), var(), min(), max(), median(), count(), nunique(), quantile(), describe(), corr(), cov(), skew(), kurt()

Manipulation: drop(), drop_duplicates(), dropna(), fillna(), replace(), rename(), assign(), astype(), copy()

Sorting: sort_values(), sort_index(), nlargest(), nsmallest(), rank()

Reshaping: pivot(), pivot_table(), melt(), stack(), unstack(), transpose(), explode(), squeeze()

Combining: merge(), join(), concat(), append(), combine(), update(), compare()

Apply/Transform: apply(), applymap(), map(), agg(), transform(), pipe(), groupby()

Time Series: rolling(), expanding(), ewm(), shift(), diff(), pct_change(), resample()

I/O Methods

Method	Description
`to_csv(path, ...)`	Export to CSV
`to_parquet(path, ...)`	Export to Parquet
`to_json(path, ...)`	Export to JSON
`to_excel(path, ...)`	Export to Excel
`to_df()`	Convert to pandas DataFrame
`to_pandas()`	Alias for to_df
`to_arrow()`	Convert to Arrow Table
`to_dict(orient)`	Convert to dictionary
`to_records()`	Convert to records
`to_numpy()`	Convert to NumPy array
`to_sql()`	Generate SQL string
`to_string()`	String representation
`to_markdown()`	Markdown table
`to_html()`	HTML table

See I/O Operations for details.

Debugging Methods

Method	Description
`explain(verbose=False)`	Show execution plan
`clear_cache()`	Clear cached results

See Debugging for details.

Magic Methods

Method	Description
`__getitem__(key)`	`ds['col']`, `ds[['a', 'b']]`, `ds[condition]`
`__setitem__(key, value)`	`ds['col'] = value`
`__delitem__(key)`	`del ds['col']`
`__len__()`	`len(ds)`
`__iter__()`	`for col in ds`
`__contains__(key)`	`'col' in ds`
`__repr__()`	`repr(ds)`
`__str__()`	`str(ds)`
`__eq__(other)`	`ds == other`
`__ne__(other)`	`ds != other`
`__lt__(other)`	`ds < other`
`__le__(other)`	`ds <= other`
`__gt__(other)`	`ds > other`
`__ge__(other)`	`ds >= other`
`__add__(other)`	`ds + other`
`__sub__(other)`	`ds - other`
`__mul__(other)`	`ds * other`
`__truediv__(other)`	`ds / other`
`__floordiv__(other)`	`ds // other`
`__mod__(other)`	`ds % other`
`__pow__(other)`	`ds ** other`
`__and__(other)`	`ds & other`
`__or__(other)`	`ds
`__invert__()`	`~ds`
`__neg__()`	`-ds`
`__pos__()`	`+ds`
`__abs__()`	`abs(ds)`

ColumnExpr

Represents a column expression for lazy evaluation. Returned when accessing a column.

# ColumnExpr is returned automatically
col = ds['name']  # Returns ColumnExpr

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`name`	str	Column name
`dtype`	dtype	Data type

Accessors

Accessor	Description	Methods
`.str`	String operations	56 methods
`.dt`	DateTime operations	42+ methods
`.arr`	Array operations	37 methods
`.json`	JSON parsing	13 methods
`.url`	URL parsing	15 methods
`.ip`	IP address operations	9 methods
`.geo`	Geo/distance operations	14 methods

See Accessors for complete documentation.

Arithmetic Operations

ds['total'] = ds['price'] * ds['quantity']
ds['profit'] = ds['revenue'] - ds['cost']
ds['ratio'] = ds['a'] / ds['b']
ds['squared'] = ds['value'] ** 2
ds['remainder'] = ds['value'] % 10

Comparison Operations

ds[ds['age'] > 25]           # Greater than
ds[ds['age'] >= 25]          # Greater or equal
ds[ds['age'] < 25]           # Less than
ds[ds['age'] <= 25]          # Less or equal
ds[ds['name'] == 'Alice']    # Equal
ds[ds['name'] != 'Bob']      # Not equal

Logical Operations

ds[(ds['age'] > 25) & (ds['city'] == 'NYC')]    # AND
ds[(ds['age'] > 25) | (ds['city'] == 'NYC')]    # OR
ds[~(ds['status'] == 'inactive')]               # NOT

Methods

Method	Description
`as_(alias)`	Set alias name
`cast(dtype)`	Cast to type
`astype(dtype)`	Alias for cast
`isnull()`	Is NULL
`notnull()`	Is not NULL
`isna()`	Alias for isnull
`notna()`	Alias for notnull
`isin(values)`	In list of values
`between(low, high)`	Between two values
`fillna(value)`	Fill NULLs
`replace(to_replace, value)`	Replace values
`clip(lower, upper)`	Clip values
`abs()`	Absolute value
`round(decimals)`	Round values
`floor()`	Floor
`ceil()`	Ceiling
`apply(func)`	Apply function
`map(mapper)`	Map values

Aggregation Methods

Method	Description
`sum()`	Sum
`mean()`	Mean
`avg()`	Alias for mean
`min()`	Minimum
`max()`	Maximum
`count()`	Count non-null
`nunique()`	Unique count
`std()`	Standard deviation
`var()`	Variance
`median()`	Median
`quantile(q)`	Quantile
`first()`	First value
`last()`	Last value
`any()`	Any true
`all()`	All true

LazyGroupBy

Represents a grouped DataStore for aggregation operations.

# LazyGroupBy is returned automatically
grouped = ds.groupby('category')  # Returns LazyGroupBy

Methods

Method	Returns	Description
`agg(spec)`	DataStore	Aggregate
`aggregate(spec)`	DataStore	Alias for agg
`sum()`	DataStore	Sum per group
`mean()`	DataStore	Mean per group
`count()`	DataStore	Count per group
`min()`	DataStore	Min per group
`max()`	DataStore	Max per group
`std()`	DataStore	Std dev per group
`var()`	DataStore	Variance per group
`median()`	DataStore	Median per group
`nunique()`	DataStore	Unique count per group
`first()`	DataStore	First value per group
`last()`	DataStore	Last value per group
`nth(n)`	DataStore	Nth value per group
`head(n)`	DataStore	First n per group
`tail(n)`	DataStore	Last n per group
`apply(func)`	DataStore	Apply function per group
`transform(func)`	DataStore	Transform per group
`filter(func)`	DataStore	Filter groups

Column Selection

# Select column after groupby
grouped['amount'].sum()     # Returns DataStore
grouped[['a', 'b']].sum()   # Returns DataStore

Aggregation Specifications

# Single aggregation
grouped.agg({'amount': 'sum'})

# Multiple aggregations per column
grouped.agg({'amount': ['sum', 'mean', 'count']})

# Named aggregations
grouped.agg(
    total=('amount', 'sum'),
    average=('amount', 'mean'),
    count=('id', 'count')
)

LazySeries

Represents a lazy Series (single column).

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`name`	str	Series name
`dtype`	dtype	Data type

Methods

Inherits most methods from ColumnExpr. Key methods:

Method	Description
`value_counts()`	Value frequencies
`unique()`	Unique values
`nunique()`	Count unique
`mode()`	Mode value
`to_list()`	Convert to list
`to_numpy()`	Convert to array
`to_frame()`	Convert to DataStore

F (Functions)

Namespace for ClickHouse functions.

from chdb.datastore import F, Field

# Aggregations
F.sum(Field('amount'))
F.avg(Field('price'))
F.count(Field('id'))
F.quantile(Field('value'), 0.95)

# Conditional
F.sum_if(Field('amount'), Field('status') == 'completed')
F.count_if(Field('active'))

# Window
F.row_number().over(order_by='date')
F.lag('price', 1).over(partition_by='product', order_by='date')

See Aggregation for details.

Field

Reference to a column by name.

from chdb.datastore import Field

# Create field reference
amount = Field('amount')
price = Field('price')

# Use in expressions
F.sum(Field('amount'))
F.avg(Field('price'))

CaseWhen

Builder for CASE WHEN expressions.

# Create case-when expression
result = (ds
    .when(ds['score'] >= 90, 'A')
    .when(ds['score'] >= 80, 'B')
    .when(ds['score'] >= 70, 'C')
    .otherwise('F')
)

# Assign to column
ds['grade'] = result

Window

Window specification for window functions.

from chdb.datastore import F

# Create window
window = F.window(
    partition_by='category',
    order_by='date',
    rows_between=(-7, 0)
)

# Use with aggregation
ds['rolling_avg'] = F.avg('price').over(window)

DataStore

Constructor

Properties

Factory Methods

Query Methods

Pandas-compatible methods

I/O Methods

Debugging Methods

Magic Methods

ColumnExpr

Properties

Accessors

Arithmetic Operations

Comparison Operations

Logical Operations

Methods

Aggregation Methods

LazyGroupBy

Methods

Column Selection

Aggregation Specifications

LazySeries

Properties

Methods

Related Classes

F (Functions)

Field

CaseWhen

Window